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西方经济学用人力资本理论来解释要素不增加情况下的经济增长。但这种解释局限于生产要素的物质关系分析,只描述现象而未解释本质,缺乏对其背后的社会关系力量的深刻把握,未能真正揭开经济发展之谜。而马克思、恩格斯创立的政治经济学从社会关系力量和生产力系统双重维度出发,深刻地洞悉了现代经济发展的动力源与机制——资本和资本扩张机制,阐明了以资本增殖为目的的资本扩张通过增加生产要素来实现经济增长,由此导致系列发展危机,造成社会经济增长的不可持续。因此,只有颠倒资本与人的发展之间的关系,以人的发展为目的,将剩余劳动价值引导到人的素质的建设与发展上,通过人的发展来注入经济发展新动力,才能实现经济的创新发展、绿色发展和共享发展,开辟新的经济增长路径。
Western economics uses human capital theory to explain the economic growth without increasing its elements. However, this interpretation is limited to the analysis of the material relations of the factors of production, only describing the phenomenon without explaining its essence, lacking a profound grasp of the social forces behind it and failing to truly reveal the mystery of economic development. The political economics founded by Marx and Engels proceeded from the dual dimensions of social relations force and productive forces system, deeply penetrating the motive power and mechanism of modern economic development - the capital and capital expansion mechanism, and expounded the capital expansion aimed at capital proliferation Economic growth is achieved through the addition of factors of production, leading to a series of crisis of development and unsustainability of social and economic growth. Therefore, only by reversing the relationship between capital and human development, and for the purpose of human development, guiding the surplus labor value to the construction and development of human qualities and injecting the new impetus for economic development through human development can the economy be realized The innovative development, green development and shared development, open up new path of economic growth.