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目的分析2010-2014年上海市某郊区高温中暑病例的流行病学特征,并结合气温资料,探讨中暑的危险因素。方法对2010—2014年上海市金山区高温中暑病例开展流行病学调查,同时收集金山区有中暑病例当月的逐日气温资料,进行统计分析。结果 2010—2014年上海市金山区共报告高温中暑病例155例,男女性别比为2.4∶1,平均年龄50岁。有职业和行为等详细信息的103例中暑病例中,男性中暑主要发生在工作场所(67.6%)和住所(17.6%),女性中暑地主要为住所(44.8%)和农田(24.1%);在住所发生中暑的病例中有80.8%年龄≥60岁。5年间日最高气温≥35℃的高温日共48 d,高温日和中暑病例均集中在7、8月份,68.8%的高温日发生中暑病例,高温日中暑的病例数占总病例数的74.8%。中暑人数与高温持续天数、日最大8 h滑动平均气温、日最高气温、日最低气温和日均气温等气温因子均呈显著正相关,其中高温持续天数的相关系数最大(r=0.690)。结论该郊区中暑病例男性多于女性,体力劳动工人、居家老年人和户外劳作的农民是防控的重点对象;中暑主要发生于高温较集中的7、8月,最高气温≥35℃的高温日、尤其是持续高温期间是中暑防控的重点时期。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of heat stroke patients in a suburb of Shanghai from 2010 to 2014 and to explore the risk factors of stroke in combination with temperature data. Methods To carry out epidemiological investigation of sunstroke cases in Jinshan District of Shanghai in 2010-2014 and to collect the daily temperature data of the cases with sunstroke cases in Jinshan District for statistical analysis. Results A total of 155 cases of HTS were reported in Jinshan District of Shanghai from 2010 to 2014, with a sex ratio of 2.4:1 and an average age of 50 years. Among the 103 sunstroke cases with detailed information on occupation and behavior, male sunstroke occurred mainly in the workplace (67.6%) and domicile (17.6%), while female sunstroke was mainly for shelter (44.8%) and farmland (24.1%); 80.8% of the patients in the dwelling house suffered from heat stroke ≥60 years of age. During the 5 years, the daily maximum air temperature≥35 ℃ was 48 days, and the sunshine days and sunstroke cases were all concentrated in July and August. 68.8% of sunstroke cases occurred in high temperature day, and the days of high temperature daytime summer heat were 74.8% . There was a significant positive correlation between the number of heat stroke and the temperature factors such as the duration of high temperature and the maximum average daily temperature of 8 h, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily average temperature, among which the correlation coefficient was the highest (r = 0.690). Conclusions There are more males than females, manual workers, elderly in the suburbs and farmer working outdoors in the suburban area. Heat stroke occurs mainly in July and August when the temperature is high and the highest temperature is more than or equal to 35 ℃ , Especially during the heat stroke is a key period of prevention and control of heat stroke.