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目的研究在兔慢性高眼压动物模型中,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对视神经轴突的保护作用。方法新西兰大白兔22只(44眼),选取20只兔,用前房注入卡波姆的方法制成慢性高眼压动物模型,每只兔随机一眼为bFGF治疗组(20眼),分别于建模同时及建模后7、14、21d重复玻璃体腔内注射2000U/50μL的bFGF;另一眼为外科对照组(20眼),分别于相同时间玻璃体腔内注射等体积的PBS。另外2只兔不做任何注射为正常对照组(4眼)。观察bFGF治疗组和外科对照组两组动物不同时间段的眼底视乳头、杯盘面积比、视神经轴突形态、数目以及建模后28d时视神经轴突超微结构的改变。结果14d时,外科对照组可见视乳头凹陷开始加深、颜色变淡,血管开始出现移位;21d时,外科对照组视乳头出现明显改变。bFGF治疗组杯盘面积比在14d及以后改变明显较外科对照组小(P<0.05)。病理学观察可见,在各时期bFGF治疗组较外科对照组视神经纤维数目多,且存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。电镜观察可见,28d时,外科对照组轴突排列紊乱、髓鞘变性,多见凋亡现象;但bF-GF治疗组轴突内结构尚正常。结论bFGF在慢性高眼压状态下对视神经轴突有保护作用。
Objective To study the protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on optic nerve axon in a rabbit model of chronic ocular hypertension. Methods Twenty-two New Zealand white rabbits (44 eyes) were selected and 20 rabbits were selected. Chronic intraocular hypertension (IOP) models were established by anterior chamber injection of carbomer. Each rabbit was randomly given bFGF treatment group (20 eyes) At the same time and 7, 14, and 21 days after modeling, intravitreal injection of 2000U / 50μL bFGF was repeated. The other was the surgical control group (20 eyes). The same volume of PBS was injected into the vitreous cavity at the same time. The other two rabbits did not do any injection as a normal control group (4 eyes). The changes of optic nerve axon, cup-disk area ratio, optic nerve axon morphology and number, and ultrastructure of optic nerve axon at 28 days after modeling were observed in bFGF treatment group and surgical control group. Results On the 14th day, the optic disc in the control group began to deepen, the color fades and the blood vessels began to shift. On the 21st day, the optic nerve head of the surgical control group showed obvious changes. The cup-plate area ratio in the bFGF treatment group changed significantly after 14 days and later than that in the surgical control group (P <0.05). Pathological observation shows that the number of optic nerve fibers in the bFGF-treated group is more than that of the surgical control group at each time point, and there is a statistically significant difference (P <0.01). Electron microscopy showed that, 28d, the surgical control group arranged axon disorder, myelin degeneration, more common apoptosis; but bF-GF treatment group axon structure is normal. Conclusion bFGF has a protective effect on optic nerve axons under chronic ocular hypertension.