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为探究生物炭施用对整治烟田土壤改良及烟叶产质量的影响,在皖南的烟田整治区,研究了稻壳生物炭不同施用量对土壤养分及烟叶产质量的作用效果。结果表明,稻壳生物炭施用可以降低土壤容重,提高土壤p H及有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分含量。生物炭可以促进烟株生长发育,对烟叶外观产生一定影响,特别是油分指标随生物炭用量增加呈下降趋势。生物炭施用一定程度上降低烟叶总糖及还原糖含量,提高总氮、烟碱及钾含量,其中T2(生物炭7.5 t/hm~2)处理烟叶化学成分协调性较好。同时烟叶感官质量随生物炭施用量增加呈现先增加(不变)后降低趋势,感官评吸得分表现为T1=CK>T2>T3。烤烟的产量产值均随着生物炭施用量增加而增加,其中T3(生物炭15 t/hm~2)处理最高,产量达1729.2kg/hm~2,产值达到37 516.8元/hm~2,较CK分别提高43.51%和43.48%。但上等烟比例随生物炭用量增加呈先增加后降低趋势。综合土壤养分及烟叶的产质量结果,在皖南烟田整治区,稻壳生物炭的施用量不宜超过7.5 t/hm~2。
In order to explore the effect of biochar application on soil improvement and tobacco leaf yield and quality in remediation tobacco fields, the effects of different biochar application rates on soil nutrients and leaf yield and quality were studied in the tobacco area of southern Anhui. The results showed that the biochar application of rice husk could reduce the bulk density of soil and increase the nutrient contents of p H, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil. Biochar can promote the growth and development of tobacco plants, and have an impact on the appearance of tobacco leaves. In particular, the oil index shows a downward trend with the increase of biochar consumption. Biochar application reduced the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves to a certain extent, and increased the content of total nitrogen, nicotine and potassium. Among them, the chemical composition of T2 (biochar 7.5 t / hm ~ 2) treatment was better. At the same time, the sensory quality of tobacco leaf increased first (unchanged) with the increase of biochar application rate, then decreased. Sensory evaluation score showed T1 = CK> T2> T3. The output value of flue-cured tobacco increased with the increase of biochar application rate, of which T3 (biochar 15 t / hm ~ 2) was the highest, yield reached 1729.2 kg / hm ~ 2 and the output value reached 37 516.8 yuan / hm ~ 2. CK increased 43.51% and 43.48% respectively. However, the proportion of top-grade tobacco increased with the increase of biochar consumption and then decreased. Comprehensive soil nutrients and tobacco production and quality results, in southern Anhui tobacco area, the amount of rice husk biochar should not exceed 7.5 t / hm ~ 2.