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目的 了解铁路在职职工的糖尿病 (DM)流行病学特点 ,探讨DM发病的相关因素。方法 对 16 0 1名铁路机关在职职工进行DM及糖耐量减低 (IGT)的患病率调查。结果 DM及IGT患病率分别为 4 12 %和 7 5 6 % ,标化率为3 6 2 %和 5 37% ;男女DM及IGT患病率无差异 ;新诊断DM的比例 (81 82 % )明显高于已确诊者 ;有DM家族史者DM患病率明显高于无家族史者 ,但IGT两者无差异 ;DM及IGT组体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀围比 (WHR)、收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、血尿酸 (UA)、血胆固醇 (Tch)、甘油三酯 (TG)均显著高于正常血糖组 ;DM及IGT中吸烟、饮酒、嗜甜食、高蛋白高脂肪饮食者明显多于正常血糖组 ,而进行运动者较正常血糖组少。结论 铁路机关在职职工的DM患病率较高 ,年龄、肥胖、高血压、不良的生活习惯及遗传因素等与糖尿病患病有关。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of diabetes among DM workers in railways and discuss the related factors of DM. Methods The prevalence of DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was investigated in 161 service employees of the railway agencies. Results The prevalence rates of DM and IGT were 4 12% and 75.6%, respectively. The standardized rates were 362% and 533%. There was no difference in the prevalence of DM and IGT between men and women. The proportion of newly diagnosed DM was 81 82%. Significantly higher than those diagnosed; the prevalence of DM in families with DM family history was significantly higher than those without family history, but there was no difference in IGT; body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in DM and IGT groups. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood uric acid (UA), blood cholesterol (Tch), and triglyceride (TG) were all significantly higher than those in the normoglycemic group; smoking, drinking, sweet-sweetened food, and high levels in DM and IGT Proteins with high-fat diets were significantly more than normoglycemic groups, while those who exercised were less than normal blood glucose groups. Conclusion The prevalence of DM among serving staff in railway agencies is relatively high. Age, obesity, hypertension, poor living habits and genetic factors are related to the prevalence of diabetes.