毛主席曾经指出:“在中华民族的开化史上,有素称发达的农业和手工业,有许多伟大的思想家、科学家、发明家、政治家、军事家、文学家和艺术家,有丰富的文化典籍。”沈括就是北宋时代地主阶级的进步政治家、思想家,也是一位杰出的科学家、军事家。他积极参加王安石为首的政治革新运动,一生为推行法家路线作出自己的贡献。他的著作《梦溪笔谈》就是封建社会一部有价值的文化典籍,是当时两条路线斗争的产物。沈括为什么能在十多个自然科学领域内都有所贡献,关键是由于他有一条朴素的唯物主义思想路线和要求革新前进的政治路线。在当前学习无产阶级专政理论的热潮中,以毛主席关于理论问题的重要指示为指导思想,研究自然科学领域中的儒法斗争,运用马克思主义的立场、观点、方法分析《梦溪笔谈》这部有关自然科学的法家著作,有助于我们理解法家的思想政治路线对我国历史上科学技术 Chairman Mao once pointed out: “There are many great thinkers, scientists, inventors, politicians, militarists, writers and artists in the history of the opening of the Chinese nation, well-known for their developed agriculture and handicrafts, and rich cultural classics . ”Shen Kuo is a progressive politician and thinker of the landlord class in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is also an outstanding scientist and military strategist. He actively participated in the political reform movement headed by Wang Anshi, and made his own contribution in promoting the legalist line in his life. His book Mengxi Bi Tan Tan is a valuable cultural classics in feudal society and a product of the struggle between the two lines of the time. The key reason why Shen Kuo contributed to more than a dozen natural sciences was that he had a simple line of materialistic thought and a political line that called for innovation and progress. In the current upsurge of studying the theory of proletariat’s dictatorship, taking Chairman Mao’s important instructions on theoretical issues as its guiding ideology, studying the struggle between Confucianism and law in the field of natural sciences, and using the Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method to analyze “Meng Xi Bi Tan Tan” Ministry of law books on natural science, helps us to understand the Legalist ideological and political line on our history of science and technology