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种质质量的局限性,栽培种与野生种杂交花期不遇,重要母本不易孕穗开花,冬季低温对花粉发育及杂交结实不利,是甘蔗杂交育种技术较难突破的四大障碍因素。本项研究经22年8个点的长期探索,在云南高原立体气候条件下,利用气候与种质资源优势,找到了基本能克服上述障碍因素的有效技术途径及较为理想的内陆型甘蔗杂交育种基地—瑞丽。本文着重讨论了难开花品种花芽分化的感光感温特性与瑞丽生态因子的关系;花粉发育的“温周期效应”原理在瑞丽冬季条件下的应用价值。还评价了瑞丽内陆型甘蔗杂交育种基地的特殊意义。
The limitation of the germplasm quality, the flowering of the cultivated species and the wild species is not met, the important female parent is not easy to bout flowering, the winter low temperature is detrimental to the pollen development and hybridization and fruiting, which is the four major obstacle to the crossover breeding of sugarcane. In the long-term exploration of 8 points in 22 years, this study used the advantages of climate and germplasm resources to find the effective technical ways to overcome the above obstacles and the ideal inland sugarcane hybridization in the three-dimensional climate of Yunnan Plateau Breeding base - Ruili. This article focuses on the relationship between the sensitivities of photosynthesis and the ecological factors of flower bud differentiation in difficult-to-flowering varieties and the application value of “warm-period effect” in pollen development under the condition of Rayleigh winter. Also evaluated the special significance of Ruili inland sugarcane hybrid breeding base.