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矿业开发利用过程中产生的对环境、人类和社会的不利影响已成为制约矿业可持续发展的关键。利用经济学中“外部性”和“外部不经济”相关理论,指出矿业发展过程中产生各种环境和社会问题的实质是矿业外部不经济,其特点是贯穿于矿业开发和使用的整个过程,并具有时间外部性。为促进矿业的可持续发展,在剖析了产生不经济主要原因的基础上,有针对性地提出了环境税、生态补偿税、排污权交易、完善产权配置等经济刺激型对策,规范管理机制和运行体制、加强法制建设和监督管理等命令控制型对策,以及社会道德教育、媒体舆论监督等其他对策。
The negative impact on the environment, human beings and society generated during the process of mining development and utilization has become the key to restrain the sustainable development of mining industry. Using the theory of “externality ” and “external diseconomies ” in economics, it points out that the essence of various environmental and social problems in the development of mining industry is the external uneconomic of mining characterized by the development and use of mining The whole process, and has the time externalities. In order to promote the sustainable development of mining industry, based on the analysis of the main reasons leading to uneconomic, we put forward the economic stimulus measures such as environmental tax, ecological compensation tax, trading of emission rights, improving the allocation of property rights, standardizing the management mechanism and Operation system, strengthening the legal system construction and supervision and management of command and control measures, as well as social moral education, media supervision of the media and other measures.