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基于彭曼-蒙蒂斯法计算的作物需水量(ETc),采用150%ETc(I150)、125%ETc(I125)、100%ETc(I100)、75%ETc(I75)和50%ETc(I50)5种滴灌用水量水平,研究了不同灌溉水平对温室番茄品质和生长的影响,确定了温室番茄的最佳滴灌水量。结果表明,滴灌条件下不同灌水量对番茄的生长参数、结实率、品质等均有显著影响。滴灌用水量在I100时,番茄产量,植株高度和叶绿素值均最高,分别为78.6t/hm2,125.5cm和56.4spad。在I100水平下,灌溉水利用率为0.479,用水量较温室外灌溉节约31.2%。对番茄品质而言,I100下作物果质量(FW)和有机酸(OA)达到了最大值,而I75和I100下作物的可溶性固物(TSS)和果型指数(FSI)并没有显著差异,I100下的番茄产量比I75增加13.6%。综上分析,I100是温室番茄滴灌的最佳水量,过多灌水量不利于果实的品质和灌溉水利用率的提高。
The crop water requirement (ETc) based on the Penman-Montis method was calculated using 150% ETc (I150), 125% ETc (I125), 100% ETc (I100), 75% ETc (I75) and 50% ETc I50), the effects of different irrigation levels on the quality and growth of greenhouse tomatoes were studied, and the optimum amount of drip irrigation water for greenhouse tomatoes was determined. The results showed that different drip irrigation rates had significant effects on growth parameters, seed setting rate and quality of tomato. Drip irrigation water at I100, tomato yield, plant height and chlorophyll values were the highest, respectively, 78.6t / hm2, 125.5cm and 56.4spad. Under the I100 level, the utilization rate of irrigation water is 0.479, and the water consumption is saved by 31.2% compared with the greenhouse irrigation. For tomato quality, the fruit quality (FW) and organic acid (OA) under I100 reached the maximum value, while there was no significant difference between the TSS and FSI at I75 and I100. The yield of tomato under I100 increased by 13.6% over I75. In summary, I100 is the best water drip irrigation tomato greenhouse, excessive irrigation is not conducive to the quality of fruit and irrigation water utilization.