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科举制度确立后,遂成为国家主流意识形态的一个重要场域,承载并连接了文化、教育、政治、社会等多方面的功能,确保了儒学道统的绵延不绝。但晚清以来,面对西方的入侵和西学东渐,这一场域不仅出现了内部的分化,更面临场域外各种因素的挑战,而场域外的挑战又进一步促进了场域内对抗因素的成长。1905年的废科举则使主流意识形态场域崩塌,儒学因此失去了寄身之所,延续了两千余年的道统因此断裂。而道统是中国古代政治合法性的重要标志,也是社会秩序赖以维系的思想基础。中国不是宗教国家,道统更是承担着塑造共同价值观、凝聚社会共识、调整社会秩序的多重功能。因此,道统的断裂必然会导致政统的失序和社会的动荡。其影响甚至至今犹存。
After the establishment of the imperial examination system, it has become an important field of the mainstream ideology in the country, carrying and connecting various functions of culture, education, politics and society, and ensuring the continuity of Confucianism and Taoism. However, since the late Qing Dynasty, in the face of the invasion of the West and the gradual progress of Western learning, this field not only showed internal differentiation but also posed challenges to various factors outside the field. The challenges outside the field further promoted the confrontation factors in the field growing up. Abolishment of the 1905 imperial examination system led to the collapse of the mainstream ideological field. Confucianism thus lost its place of paternity. As a result, the Taoist system, which lasted more than 2,000 years, broke down. The Taoist system is an important symbol of political legitimacy in ancient China and is also the ideological foundation upon which social order is maintained. China is not a religious country. The Taoist government also undertakes the multiple functions of shaping common values, unifying social consensus and adjusting social order. Therefore, the rupture of the Taoist system will inevitably lead to the disorder of the political system and the social turmoil. Its impact still exists even now.