To discuss the dominant diseases of acupuncture and moxibustion and their trend in development.At present,the concepts of acupuncture and moxibustion disease spectrum include efficacy-based graded disease spectrum of acupuncture and moxibustion and evidence-based graded disease spectrum of acupuncture and moxibustion.Hence,the ranges of dominant diseases are various in terms of the differ-ent concepts.Regarding the efficacy-based graded disease spectrum,81 dominant diseases are included.In accordance with the principle of disease spectrum of evidence-based acupuncture and moxibustion,the articles of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion published in Chi-nese medical journals were retrieved,and thus 68 dominant diseases of acupuncture and moxibustion were collected.In view of the retrieval result and the effect characteristics of acupuncture and moxi-bustion,the authors believe that the following 4 aspects should be involved in the development of the dominant diseases of acupuncture and moxibustion,named(1)painful diseases,(2)neurological disor-ders,(3)mental,cognitive and affective diseases and(4)immune-endocrine disorders.