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Objective: To study the main prognostic factors and significanceof facial nerve decompression for facial paralysis in temporal bone fracture.Methods: The main relative prognostic factors of 64 patients with facial paralysis were analyzed. An experimental model of facial paralysis was made. The expansion rates of facial nerve in the facial canal opening group and the facial canal non-opening group were measured and observed under electron microscope.Results: The main factors affecting the prognosis were facial nerve decompression and selection of surgery time. The expansion rate of facial nerve in the facial canal opening group was significantly higher than that of the facial canal non-opening group (t=7.53, P<0.01). The injury degree of the nerve fiber in the facial canal non-opening group was severe.Conclusions: Early facial nerve decompression is beneficial to restoration of the facial nerve function.