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根据1991—2002年共12年的田间试验,研究了不同施肥制度下,茬口对作物产量增益、土壤养分状况及对施肥贡献率的影响。结果表明:与重茬相比,豆茬较有利于作物的高产和稳产;施用氮肥使其产量增益减小,并且施用氮肥愈多,产量增益愈小;增施有机肥情况下,产量增益的减小更为明显。在土壤养分方面,豆茬不仅能提高土壤的供氮能力,还能改善土壤的供磷、供钾量,有助于土壤养分状况的改善;施肥制度进步能够提高作物产量;施肥贡献率随着施肥制度的进步逐渐增大,但其增幅趋缓;随着施肥制度的进步,施肥贡献率在豆茬和重茬上所表现的差异逐渐缩小,最后趋同。
According to a total of 12 years of field experiments from 1991 to 2002, the effects of crop rotation on crop yield, soil nutrient status and contribution to fertilization under different fertilization systems were studied. The results showed that compared with the continuous cropping, the stubble was more beneficial to the high yield and stable yield of the crop. The nitrogen yield decreased and the more the nitrogen fertilizer applied, the smaller the yield gain. With the application of organic manure, the decrease of yield gain Small is more obvious. In terms of soil nutrients, stubble can not only improve soil nitrogen supply capacity, but also improve soil phosphorus supply, potassium supply, contribute to the improvement of soil nutrients; advances in fertilization system can improve crop yield; contribution rate of fertilizer with The progress of fertilization system gradually increased, but its growth slowed down. With the improvement of fertilization system, the differences in the contribution rate of fertilization in the stubble and stubble decreased and finally converged.