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同源异形盒(homeobox)基因是最先在果蝇中发现的一段长约180碱基对的DNA片段,这些基因影响果蝇的早期发育,并能编码出高度保守的DNA结合区域。近来,在一些脊椎动物中亦分离到同源异形盒基因,这些基因在脊椎动物中的胚胎期表达形式类似于果蝇。因此,一些脊椎动物同源异形盒基因可能控制早期发育,并且可能在成年分化过程中起重要作用。T、B淋巴细胞等血液细胞是从造血干细胞分化来的。实验结果表明,同源异形盒基因可能参与造血细胞分化的控制。
The homeobox gene is the first DNA fragment of about 180 bp found in Drosophila. These genes affect the early development of Drosophila and encode a highly conserved region of DNA binding. Recently, homeobox genes have also been isolated in some vertebrates. The embryonic expression of these genes in vertebrates resembles that of flies. Therefore, some vertebrate homeobox genes may control early development and may play an important role in adult differentiation. Blood cells such as T, B lymphocytes are differentiated from hematopoietic stem cells. The experimental results show that the homeobox gene may be involved in the control of hematopoietic cell differentiation.