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本文论述有着丰富历史文化资源的小镇夏洛茨维尔市主街改造的两轮规划、实施及其启示。其改造过程与美国1950—1970年代的郊区化发展和城市更新运动相始终,并最先完整地施行了市民参与的规划方法,从一个侧面反映出美国城市更新运动的发展及其反思。1980年代以前,美国各地的市中心兴建了200多处步行街,但夏洛茨维尔市主街是为数不多的仍在使用、一直蓬勃发展并是该市最繁荣的地区。本文以之为例阐述重要概念如城市更新、步行街和历史保护,以及市民参与之产生、意义及其相互关联,探析劳伦斯·哈尔普林的RSVP规划方法及该项目的主要特征,论述规划师的社会意识和人文关怀而非仅砖瓦水泥造成的物质环境是致其成功的主要原因。
This article discusses two rounds of planning, implementation and implications of the main street reconstruction of Charlottesville, a town rich in historical and cultural resources. The reform process is consistent with the suburbanization and urban renewal movement of the United States in the 1950-1970s, and the first complete implementation of the planning method of public participation. From one aspect, it reflects the development of the urban renewal movement in the United States and its reflection. Before the 1980s, more than 200 pedestrian streets were built in downtown locations throughout the United States, but Charlottesville, the main street that is still in use, has been thriving and the city’s most prosperous area. This article uses it as an example to illustrate important concepts such as urban renewal, pedestrian streets and historical preservation, as well as the emergence, significance and interrelationships of citizen participation, to explore Lawrence Harplein’s RSVP planning methodology and the main features of the project, The social consciousness and humane care, not just the physical environment caused by brick and concrete, are the main reasons for its success.