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急慢性咽炎(喉痹)、喉炎(喉喑)、扁桃体炎(乳蛾)、口腔粘膜溃疡均是极为常见的多发性疾病。有人统计,单慢性咽炎的发病率就占统计人数的80%[1]。这些疾病虽不是大病、重病,但常因局部不适、灼热疼痛,而影响工作与睡眠。倘若不及时治疗,易引起心脏病、胸膜炎、肾炎、关节炎、支气管炎、咽喉癌等严重威胁身体健康的疾病。中医治则以清热解毒、生津润燥、利咽止痛为主。西医过去常用青霉素、度米芬及洗必泰喉片含服治疗。这些喉片对细菌或病毒感染者虽有一定疗效,但因使用年代已久,细菌耐药性增强,因而效果不佳。目前临床较为常用的中成药是:金嗓子喉片、桂林西瓜霜[2]、清咽丸[2]、健民咽喉片[2]等。现将它们的处方组成、理化检测标准、药效实验及临床应用等方面的研究归纳如下,便于综合对比分析,以了解咽喉疾病常用中药制剂的现状。
Acute and chronic pharyngitis (throats), laryngitis (throats), tonsillitis (milk moths), and oral mucosal ulcers are extremely common multiple diseases. According to statistics, the incidence of single chronic pharyngitis accounts for 80% of the statistical population [1]. Although these diseases are not serious illnesses or serious illnesses, they often affect work and sleep due to local discomfort and burning pain. Without timely treatment, it can easily cause diseases such as heart disease, pleurisy, nephritis, arthritis, bronchitis, throat cancer, and other serious health threats. Chinese medicine treatment is based on detoxification, Shengjin Runzao, Liyan pain relief. Western medicine used to be treated with penicillin, dumifene and chlorhexidine tablets. Although these laryngeal tablets have a certain effect on bacterial or viral infections, due to the age of use, bacterial drug resistance has been enhanced, and thus the effect has been poor. At present, the more commonly used Chinese patent medicines are: Golden Lychee throat tablets, Guilin watermelon cream [2], Qingyan pills [2], and Jianmin throat tablets [2]. Now the study of their prescription composition, physical and chemical testing standards, efficacy experiments and clinical applications are summed up as follows to facilitate a comprehensive comparative analysis to understand the current status of traditional Chinese medicine preparations for throat diseases.