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在中国古代人居环境的规划设计领域,文人一直扮演着极为重要的角色。人居环境的“营造”,就其主体而言,有文人与匠人之别:文人主“营”,为“能主之人”;匠人主“造”,是具体的建设者。这个“营”,就是我们今天所讲的规划设计。柳宗元作为中国古代文人的典型代表,其在人居环境思想和实践领域亦有相当的造诣。他在永州的人居实践和思考内容广泛、成果丰硕;从中他表现出超凡的设计天赋和艺术表现力以及敏锐的洞察力和深邃的思想,他的创造和言论都对后世产生了颇为深远的影响。贬永十年间(805~815),他参与了多项当地人居环境建设工程,亲自规划设计自己的居住环境,发掘了不少鲜为人知的风景并为之命名、作传、甚至开发改造,并逐渐形成了自己的人居环境思想。本文基于对文献资料的重新梳理和解读,并结合在永州的实地调研,尝试勾勒出柳宗元人居思想的大致框架,整理出其主要观点和设计方法。这一探索旨在发掘和重现沉睡历史中的人居大家及其思想精华,希望能为当代的人居环境规划设计提供历史的借鉴和传承的能量。rn,LIU Zongyuan, a widely accepted litterateur and politician by Chinese academics, has contributed both intellectually and practically to human settlements in ancient China. Between the year of 805 and 815 in particular, when he was banished to Yongzhou, LIU Tzu participated in many human settlement projects and was known to plan and design his own places. During that period of time, he also disclosed and named quite a few rarely known sceneries and described them in his articles, and even redeveloped and reconstructed some of them. Owing to such rich experience, LIU Tzu could give an insightful reflection on the building of artificial and natural environment in terms of definition, significance, features and approaches. Comprehensive ideas of Human Settlements were therefore formed and introduced by a great number of his narratives in this period. Based on analysis and interpretation of those historical documents as well as field research in Yongzhou, the author here attempts to outline L/U Tzu’sideas of human settlements and to represent his main viewpoints and design approaches. The main objective of this exploration is to discover those profoundintelleetual pioneers who have made significant contribution to the construction of human settlements, to renew the es- sences of their thoughts, and to provide historical reference and inherited insights for thecontemporary human settlements planning and design.rn
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