64.1.支气管扩张【定义】支气管扩张是一个解剖学的诊断,指的是近端的和中等大的支气管,其管壁弹性和肌肉的成分破坏,造成支气管的不可逆性扩张。本病的临床表现是粘液的分泌亢进和慢性或反复发作的感染。【病因学】支气管扩张的基本原因,几乎常是累及传导性气道壁的坏死性感染。是否有“先天性的”支气管扩张仍然可疑,但某些先天性的病灶如盲管和支气管软化,易于继发性感染并可导致支气管扩张。同样,肿瘤、异物、狭窄、或外部的压迫筹引起的支气管阻塞,由于损害粘膜纤毛的清除 64.1. Bronchiectasis [Definition] Bronchiectasis is an anatomical diagnosis that refers to the destruction of the proximal and middle bronchi, whose wall elasticity and muscle components cause the irreversible expansion of the bronchi. The clinical manifestations of this disease are hypersecretions of mucus and chronic or recurrent infections. Etiology The basic cause of bronchiectasis is almost always involved in the necrosis of the conductive airway wall infection. Whether there is “congenital” bronchiectasis is still suspicious, but some congenital lesions such as blind and bronchial softening, easy to secondary infection and can lead to bronchiectasis. Similarly, bronchial obstruction caused by tumor, foreign body, stenosis, or external pressure caused by the removal of mucosal cilia