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为了明确危害核桃的链格孢属Alternaria真菌种类,对34个供试菌株在PCA培养基上的培养特征、产孢表型、分生孢子特征等进行了研究,并采用ITS、OPA2-1和OPA1-3序列分析其系统发育。其中33个菌株为链格孢A.alternata,1个为细极链格孢A.tenuissima。链格孢:菌落灰色;孢子链短、分枝频繁,每条分枝含4～10个孢子;分生孢子多倒梨形,孢身平均25.6μm×7.4μm,横隔膜2～8个。细极链格孢:菌落褐色;孢子链长、少分枝,孢子链约含10个孢子;分生孢子多长椭圆形,孢身平均26.3μm×13.5μm,具柱状喙及假喙,主横隔膜1～6个,孢身中部的隔膜较粗。链格孢属真菌在遗传上有较大差异,ITS、OPA2-1和OPA1-3序列对链格孢小孢子种具有一定的区分作用,链格孢是危害核桃的主要链格孢属种。
In order to clarify the fungal species of Alternaria, which harmed walnuts, the culture characteristics, sporulation phenotypes and conidiophores of 34 tested strains on PCA medium were studied. ITS, OPA2-1 and OPA1-3 sequence analysis of its phylogeny. Among them, 33 strains were A.alternata and one was A.tenuissima. Alternaria: Alternaria gray; spore chain is short, frequent branches, each branch contains 4 to 10 spores; conidia inverted pear-shaped, spore average 25.6μm × 7.4μm, 2 to 8 diaphragm. Fine pole Alternaria: Alternaria brown; spore chain length, less branched, spore chain containing about 10 spores; conidial oval-shaped, spore average 26.3μm × 13.5μm, with a columnar beak and false beak, the main Diaphragm 1 to 6, the middle of the diaphragm body thicker. The genus Alternaria is genetically quite different. ITS, OPA2-1 and OPA1-3 sequences have some distinguishing effects on Alternaria alternata. Alternaria alternata is the major Alternaria that damages walnut.