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表型可塑性是生物体在不同环境中表现不同特征和特性的能力,在生物中普遍存在这种现象。在外来入侵植物入侵过程中,表型可塑性强的入侵植物具有强大的适应性,可以促使其成功入侵。外来入侵植物的表型可塑性通过在定殖与种群建立过程中的前适应机制和潜伏与扩散传播过程中的后适应机制拓宽了生态幅,作用于进化和自然选择的速度,从而增强了外来入侵植物的入侵性。本文介绍了表型可塑性的概念与研究进展,重点阐述了外来入侵植物表型可塑性适应意义的主要理论及其研究方法,并对该领域研究进行了展望。
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an organism to show different characteristics and traits in different environments, a phenomenon that is prevalent in living things. Invasive plants with strong phenotypic plasticity are highly adaptable to the invasive invasion of alien invasive plants. The phenotypic plasticity of invasive alien plants broadens the ecological amplitude by acting on the mechanisms of pre-adaptation during colonization and population establishment and post-adaptation mechanisms in the propagation of latent and diffusive processes, acting at the rate of evolution and natural selection, thereby enhancing alien invasions Plant invasiveness. In this paper, the concept and research progress of phenotypic plasticity are introduced. The main theories and research methods of adaptability of phenotypic plasticity of alien invasive plants are emphatically elaborated, and the research in this field is prospected.