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Objective:To investigate the effects of propofol and ketamine on the cognitive function and immune function in young rats.Method:A total of80 young rats were randomly divided into four groups:Control group, ketamine group(experimental groupA), propofol group(experimental groupB), ketamine and propofol group(experimental groupC).All rats had continuous injection for three times, serumIL-2,IL-4 andIL-10 and whole brainIL-1β level, hippocampal neuronal apoptosis level were measured.The cognitive ability in rats was tested by water maze. Results:Water maze test showed on the1st d, the maze test latency of the control group, the experimental groupB and the experimental groupC water were decreased gradually;Compared with the control group after3 days, the latency of the experimental groupA, experimental group B and experimental groupC were all decreased, the crossing circle times were also reduced. Hippocampal neuron apoptosis were(2.3±1.7)%,(14.7±6.9)%,(4.2±3.3)%,(10.2±4.8)% in control group, experimental groupA, experimental groupB and experimental groupC, respectively.The neurons apoptosis of experimental groupA was significantly increased.The serumIL-4 andIL-10 of theexperimental groupA, experimental groupB and experimental groupC after anesthesia were significantly higher than the control group.The whole brainIL-1β of the experimental groupA, experimental groupB and experimental groupC were significantly lower than the control group.Conclusions:Propofol can reduce anesthesia effect of ketamine on the cognitive function and immune function in the young rats.