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【目的】解析突破性高产小麦新品种川麦104的遗传构成,探讨双亲川麦42和川农16对其高产特性的贡献。【方法】利用已构建的遗传连锁图谱上的176个SSR和683个DArT标记对川麦104及其亲本进行分析,了解川麦104的遗传构成;根据已定位到的产量性状QTL,分析来源于双亲的染色体区段对川麦104产量相关性状的贡献。【结果】在川麦104的双亲具有差异的859个多态位点中(22个位点缺失),有522个位点上的等位基因来源于川麦42,315个位点上的等位基因来源于川农16;川麦104更多地继承了川麦42的遗传成分(60.8%);川麦104中来源于双亲的遗传位点在A、B和D基因组分布不同,来源于川麦42的等位位点在A、B和D基因组所占比例分别为55.00%、60.20%和67.27%;川麦104中来源于双亲的等位位点在21条染色体上的分布也不同,来源于川麦42的等位位点主要分布于3A、5A、7A、1B、5B、7B、3D、4D、5D和7D染色体上,来源于川农16的等位位点主要分布于4A、3B、4B、6B、1D、2D和6D染色体上。川麦104来源于双亲的染色体区段(遗传距离大于5 cM)共68个,总长度为3 089.6 cM;来源于川麦42和川农16的染色体区段分别为36和32个,来源于川麦42的染色体区段主要分布在3D、5D、7A、7B和7D染色体上,来源于川农16的染色体区段主要分布在3B、4B和6D染色体上;在A和D基因组川麦104来源于川麦42的染色体区段比川农16的多,B基因组中来源于川农16的染色体区段比川麦42的多。在1B、1D、2B、4A、4D、5A、5B、5D和7A染色体上,9个来源于川麦42的染色体区段以及5个来源于川农16的染色体区段富集了与产量性状相关的QTL,其中,在1BS和4A染色体上来源于川麦42的染色体区段携带增加穗粒数的QTL等位位点;在1D、2B和4A染色体上来源于川农16的染色体区段携带增加单位面积穗数的QTL等位位点;5B染色体上来源于川麦42的染色体区段和4A、4D染色体上来源于川农16的染色体区段均携带增加千粒重的QTL等位位点,这些QTL的聚合对川麦104的产量三因素有增效作用。【结论】小麦新品种川麦104的高穗粒数特性来源于川麦42,多穗数特性来源于川农16,其千粒重特性双亲均有贡献,表明双亲的正效产量性状QTL重组是川麦104的高产遗传基础。
【Objective】 The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic constitution of a new breakthrough wheat variety Chuanmai 104 and explore its contribution to its high yield traits. 【Method】 Chuanmai 104 and its parents were analyzed using 176 SSRs and 683 DArT markers in the constructed genetic linkage map to understand the genetic constitution of Chuanmai 104. Based on the QTLs for yield traits, Contribution of Parents’ Chromosomal Section to Yield-Related Traits in Chuanmai 104. 【Result】 Among the 859 polymorphic loci (deletion of 22 loci) with different parents in Chuanmai 104, alleles at 522 loci were derived from alleles at 42,315 loci in Chuanmai Derived from Chuannong16; Chuanmai 104 inherited more the genetic components of Chuanmai 42 (60.8%); the Chuanmai 104 derived from parents had different genetic distributions in A, B and D genomes, which originated from Chuanmai 42 alleles accounted for 55.00%, 60.20% and 67.27% of A, B and D genomes, respectively. The distribution of alleles from Chuanmai 104 on 21 chromosomes was also different, The alleles of Yuchuan 42 were mainly distributed on chromosomes 3A, 5A, 7A, 1B, 5B, 7B, 3D, 4D, 5D and 7D. The alleles of Chuannong 16 were mainly distributed in 4A and 3B 4B, 6B, 1D, 2D and 6D chromosomes. Chuanmai 104 originated from 68 chromosomes (more than 5 cM in genetic distance) of parents, with a total length of 3 089.6 cM. Chromosome segments derived from Chuanmai 42 and Chuannong 16 were 36 and 32, respectively, Chromosome segments of Chuanmai 42 mainly distributed on chromosomes 3D, 5D, 7A, 7B and 7D. Chromosome segments derived from Chuanong 16 mainly distributed on chromosomes 3B, 4B and 6D. In Chromosome 104 Chuanmai 42 had more chromosome segments than Chuannong16 and more Chuannong42 chromosomes in B genome. On the chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2B, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D and 7A, nine chromosome segments derived from Chuanmai 42 and five chromosome segments derived from Chuanong 16 were enriched for yield traits Related QTLs, in which the chromosomal segments derived from Chuanmai 42 on chromosome 1BS and chromosome 4A carry the QTL alleles that increase the number of grains per spike; the chromosomal segment derived from Chuanong 16 on chromosomes 1D, 2B and 4A Carrying the QTL alleles that increase the number of spikes per unit area. The chromosome segments on chromosome 5B from Chuanmai 42 and the chromosome segments on chromosomes 4A and 4D from Chuanong 16 all carry the QTL alleles that increase 1000-grain weight , And the polymerization of these QTLs had a synergistic effect on the three factors of yield of Chuanmai 104. 【Conclusion】 The high-spike grain number traits of a new wheat variety Chuanmai 104 originated from Chuanmai 42 and the characters of multiple-spike number originated from Chuannong 16, both of which contributed to the QTL for QTL. Wheat 104 high-yield genetic basis.