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义务教育的法定义务主体是国家。将义务教育定性为国家义务,其价值在于促进教育公平。我国现阶段义务教育的国家义务性有所缺失,既有城乡二元结构中阶层固化、政府再分配职能不到位等法律以外原因,也有国家义务落实缺少法律保障的原因。为强化和实现义务教育的国家义务性,应当通过完善《义务教育法》、制定《教育经费法》、完善法律救济途径等,给落实义务教育的国家义务提供法律保障;通过改革户籍制度、完善社会收入再分配制度等,给落实义务教育的国家义务创造社会条件。
The legal obligations of compulsory education is the main body of the country. The value of compulsory education as a national obligation, the value is to promote educational equity. At present, there is a lack of state obligation in our compulsory education in our country, both for reasons other than laws such as the solidification of social strata in urban and rural dual structures and the inadequate redistributive function of the government, and the lack of legal guarantees by state obligations. In order to strengthen and realize the obligation of compulsory education, it is necessary to provide legal guarantee for the state obligation to implement compulsory education by perfecting “Compulsory Education Law”, enacting “Education Funding Law” and perfecting the legal remedies. By reforming the household registration system, Social income redistribution system, etc., to fulfill the obligations of compulsory state obligations to create social conditions.