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目的评估儿童窝沟封闭干预的远期效果,为开展儿童龋病的预防提供建议。方法采取分层随机整群抽样的方法分别对干预组与对照组的12岁儿童进行问卷调查与口腔检查。数据采用SPSS19.0进行统计分析。比较龋均差异采用独立样本的t检验,比较正确刷牙率、龋患率、牙龈出血率与牙结石检出率差异采用检验。结果干预组与对照组分别调查了2 321名与2 025名儿童,干预组与对照组正确刷牙率分别为22.58%与24.99%,差异无统计学意义(=3.48,P>0.05)。第一恒磨牙龋患率干预组为18.61%,对照组为23.85%,差异有统计学意义(=17.86,P<0.001)。干预组恒牙龋患率(28.09%)、全牙列龋患率(34.68%)均低于对照组(31.85%、45.53%),差异均有统计学意义(值分别为7.30与53.14,P<0.05),干预组与对照组龋均分别为0.90与0.65,差异有统计学意义(t=5.22,P<0.001)。结论儿童窝沟封闭对于预防龋齿发生远期效果明显,但需要持续加强儿童的口腔健康教育。
Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of closed pit and fissure sealant in children and provide suggestions for the prevention of dental caries in children. Methods A stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire and oral examination on 12-year-old children in intervention group and control group respectively. Data using SPSS19.0 statistical analysis. T-test was used to compare the differences of caries with independent samples, and the correct rate of brushing, rate of caries, rate of bleeding of gums and rate of detection of dental calculus were tested. Results There were 2 321 and 2 025 children in intervention group and control group respectively. The correct brushing rate was 22.58% and 24.99% in intervention group and control group respectively, with no significant difference (= 3.48, P> 0.05). The rate of caries in the first permanent molars intervention group was 18.61% and in the control group was 23.85%, the difference was statistically significant (= 17.86, P <0.001). The rate of permanent dental caries (28.09%) and dental caries in all dentition (34.68%) in intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group (31.85%, 45.53%), the differences were statistically significant (values were 7.30 and 53.14, P <0.05 ). The caries of the intervention group and the control group were 0.90 and 0.65 respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t = 5.22, P <0.001). Conclusion Fissure sealant in children has obvious long-term effect in prevention of dental caries, but oral health education needs to be continuously strengthened.