目的探讨恶性肿瘤患者医院感染发生的情况,加强对医院感染的预防。方法回顾性调查分析2010年恶性肿瘤患者住院病历,按治疗方案、侵入性操作、感染部位、易感因素、病原菌培养等几个方面进行统计分析。结果 837例恶性肿瘤住院患者发生医院感染127例,感染率为15.2%。感染部位以呼吸道为最高,医院感染与年龄、住院时间、化疗与放疗、白细胞减少、各种侵入性操作、免疫抑制剂与抗菌药物的应用等因素相关。病原菌检出率以真菌为最高,占58.7%,其次是革兰阴性杆菌,以条件致病菌为常见。结论医院应进一步加强对医院感染的监控力度,不断完善医院感染的控制措施,特别要加强对化疗放疗、呼吸道感染和真菌感染患者的重点监测和管理,以减少医院感染的发生。 Objective To investigate the occurrence of nosocomial infections in patients with malignant tumors and to strengthen the prevention of nosocomial infections. Methods Retrospective investigation and analysis of 2010 inpatient records of malignant tumor patients, according to the treatment plan, invasive operation, the site of infection, susceptibility factors, pathogen culture and other aspects of statistical analysis. Results Among the 837 hospitalized patients with malignant tumors, 127 cases were hospital infection with infection rate of 15.2%. Infected parts of the respiratory tract as the highest nosocomial infection and age, hospital stay, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leukopenia, a variety of invasive operations, immunosuppressive agents and the use of antimicrobial agents and other factors. The highest detection rate of fungi was fungi, accounting for 58.7%, followed by Gram-negative bacilli, which was common to opportunistic pathogens. Conclusion The hospital should further strengthen the surveillance of hospital infection and continuously improve the control measures of nosocomial infections. In particular, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and management of patients with chemotherapy, respiratory tract infections and fungal infections in order to reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infections.