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目的了解2014年南昌市狂犬病暴露者流行病学特点,为制定防控策略和措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2014年南昌市各级疾病预防控制中心门诊主动就诊的狂犬病暴露者相关数据信息进行流行病学分析。结果 2014年南昌市各级疾控机构预防门诊共接诊被动物咬(抓)伤病例14 938例,以犬类咬抓伤多见(11 502例,77.00%),就诊时间夏秋季较高;暴露者年龄分组中15岁以下儿童最多(3 746例,25.08%),且不同性别间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病例中Ⅱ级暴露居多,占84.60%,Ⅲ级暴露占15.28%;咬伤部位以手部为主;狂犬疫苗全程接种率96.85%,Ⅲ级伤口人狂犬病免疫球蛋白接种率44.87%。结论南昌市市民对狂犬病预防知识有一定了解和认知,但力度还不够,建议加大狂犬病防治知识的宣传教育力度。此外,政府可建立多部门联动机制加强犬类管理,并通过提高新农合补偿标准将人狂犬病免疫球蛋白纳入补偿范围,提高狂犬疫苗全程接种率和Ⅲ级暴露后人狂犬病免疫球蛋白的接种率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed in Nanchang in 2014 and provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data about the related data of rabies exposed in outpatient clinic at all levels of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Nanchang in 2014. Results A total of 14 938 cases of animal bites (scratches) were found in prevention and treatment departments of CDC at all levels in Nanchang City in 2014. Bitch scratches were more common in dogs (11 502 and 77.00%), and the treatment time was higher in summer and autumn (P <0.05). The majority of children in the age group under 15 years of age (3 746 cases, 25.08%) were exposed to the age group, with the majority of grade Ⅱ exposures accounting for 84.60% 15.28%. The bites were dominated by hand. The vaccination rate of rabies vaccines was 96.85%, and that of rabies immunoglobulin vaccines of grade Ⅲ wounds was 44.87%. Conclusion Nanchang citizens have some knowledge and knowledge of rabies prevention knowledge, but the intensity is not enough, it is recommended to increase awareness of rabies prevention and control knowledge of education. In addition, the government can establish a multi-sectoral linkage mechanism to strengthen the management of dogs and raise the coverage of rabies immunoglobulin by raising the NRCMS compensation rate so as to increase the vaccination coverage of rabies vaccines and vaccination of human rabies immunoglobulin after exposure to class III rate.