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在塔里木盆地主要荒漠胡杨林分布区设置5个调查样地进行实地调查,分析了调查区植物群落的物种组成、水平(密度)结构、垂直结构和胡杨种群的格局分布,旨在了解研究区荒漠林群落结构及胡杨种群的格局分布,为新疆荒漠林的管理和可持续经营提供依据。结果表明,研究区荒漠林物种组成有18种,乔灌层树种单一,主要是胡杨和柽柳,草本以甘草重要值最大,密度结构由塔里木河上游墨玉县至中游轮台县,胡杨的平均密度呈逐渐降低,灌木林(柽柳)密度在上游与胡杨密度的变化呈相反趋势,到中游柽柳丛密度增加,垂直结构简单而完整,均为乔—灌—草3层,但平均高度有明显差异,胡杨塔河上游高于中游,中游灌木柽柳高于上游,说明在受到水分条件制约的稀疏胡杨林下,更适合柽柳的生长。优势种群胡杨空间格局分布在巴楚县样地,呈随机分布,墨玉县、阿瓦提县、沙雅县和轮台县样地呈聚集分布,聚集强度由塔里木河上游墨玉县到中游轮台县聚集度逐渐加强,说明胡杨个体对生存环境(地下水)变化的适应,包括种内、种间竞争导致自疏、他疏和更新方式的适应。
Five survey plots were set up in the desertification area of the main desert Populus euphratica in the Tarim Basin to investigate the species composition, horizontal (density) structure, vertical structure and population distribution of Populus euphratica in the survey area. Community structure and population distribution of Populus euphratica, providing the basis for the management and sustainable management of Xinjiang desert forest. The results showed that there were 18 species of desert forest in the study area. The tree species were single and dominated by Populus euphratica and Tamarix spp, and the herbaceous species was dominated by licorice. The density structure was dominated by the average of Populus euphratica and Populus euphratica in the upper reaches of Tarim River The density of shrub (Tamarix chinensis) showed an opposite trend with the density of Populus euphratica in the upper reaches. The density of Tamarix chinensis increased in the middle reaches, and the vertical structure was simple and complete, with the average height being obvious The difference is that the upper reaches of Populus euphratica River is higher than the middle reaches and the tamarisk shrubs in the middle reaches are higher than the upper reaches, indicating that it is more suitable for the growth of Tamarix chinensis under the sparse Populus euphratica forest under the restriction of water conditions. The Populus euphratica spatial distribution pattern of dominant species was distributed in the Bachu county plots, showing a random distribution. The sampling plots of Moyu County, Awat County, Shaya County and Luntai County were clustered and distributed. The intensity of aggregation varied from the upper reaches of the Tarim River to the middle The aggregation degree of cruise linerstay gradually strengthened, indicating that the individuals of Populus euphratica adapt to the changes of living environment (groundwater), including intraspecific and interspecific competition leading to the adaptation of self-priming, sparse and renewal methods.