以法兰克福学派为代表的西方马克思主义更是以对现代社会的批判闻名于世。其中,马尔库塞对发达工业社会的批判和哈贝马斯的合法性危机都是其经典之作。本文就以西马创始人之一的霍克海默的工具理性批判为例子,反思现代化的弊端,并找出现代化危机的根由。 Western Marxism, represented by the Frankfurt school, is best known for its critique of modern society. Among them, Marcuse criticized the developed industrial society and Habermas legitimacy crisis are its classic. This paper, based on the critique of the instrumental rationality of Horkheimer, one of the founders of SMS, as an example, reflects on the defects of modernization and finds the root cause of the crisis of modernization.