一　　 2 0世纪中国学术在很大程度上是西学冲击的产物 ,对西学的回应成为 2 0世纪中国学术的主要特征。这场冲击的影响之大 ,只要看一看下面这个简单的事实就足以明白了 ,那就是 :今天 ,我们早已完全习惯于用西方现代学术的范畴和标准来衡量一切学术 ,特别是中国古代学术。比 In the 20th century, Chinese scholarship was largely a product of the impact of Western learning. The response to Western learning became the main feature of Chinese academic in the 20th century. The impact of this shock is strong enough to be understood by looking at the simple fact that today we have long been completely accustomed to using the categories and standards of Western modern scholarship to measure all scholarly and especially ancient Chinese academics . ratio