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结核分枝杆菌作为一种胞内寄生菌,主要存在于巨噬细胞吞噬体内,并且通过与宿主细胞竞争摄取营养物质、主动排出有毒物质来维持生存。因此,参与上述过程的ABC转运蛋白在结核分枝杆菌的致病中发挥着举足轻重的作用。已有报道结核分枝杆菌基因组编码了38个ABC转运蛋白。这类蛋白质有着广泛的底物结合谱,参与了无机离子、糖类、氨基酸、寡肽、药物等多种物质的跨膜转运。本文将对结核分枝杆菌编码的ABC转运蛋白超家族中的不同成员及其底物特异性、转运机制以及与毒力的关系的研究进展进行综述。
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as an intracellular parasite, is mainly found in phagocytes of macrophages and sustains survival by competing with host cells for nutrient uptake and voluntarily discharging toxic substances. Thus, ABC transporters involved in this process play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. It has been reported that the M. tuberculosis genome encodes 38 ABC transporters. These proteins have a broad spectrum of substrate binding and are involved in the transmembrane transport of a wide range of substances such as inorganic ions, sugars, amino acids, oligopeptides and drugs. This review summarizes the research progress of the different members of the ABC transporter superfamily encoded by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their substrate specificity, transport mechanism, and virulence.