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通过外观检查、成分测试、硬度测试、金相组织和扫描电镜观察等方法,对某品牌汽车3个轮毂轴承失效件进行分析,找出了造成轮毂轴承最终断裂失效的原因。结果表明,3种轮毂轴承的内圈和外圈的组织都符合JB/T 1255-2001标准的要求;1#轮轴轴承失效的原因是由于化学成分不合格和轴承内圈滚道的表面硬度较低;2#轮毂轴承的化学成分、硬度和组织都满足要求,失效原因在于密封性较差,而使得外圈滚道中外界硬度相对较高的颗粒落入滚道,造成磨损加剧;3#轮毂轴承外圈碳含量较低,使得外圈滚道表面硬度偏低,且由于润滑条件不好引起了粘着磨损,加剧了轴承的磨损,并最终造成失效。
Through the inspection of appearance, composition test, hardness test, microstructure and scanning electron microscope observation, the failure parts of the 3 hub bearings of a certain brand of automobile were analyzed to find out the reason of the final failure of the hub bearing. The results show that the inner ring and the outer ring of the three kinds of wheel hub bearings comply with the requirements of JB / T 1255-2001 standard. The failure of the 1 # axle bearing is due to the unqualified chemical composition and the hardness of the inner ring raceway Low; 2 # wheel bearing chemical composition, hardness and organization to meet the requirements, the failure is due to poor sealing, making the outer raceway outside the relatively high hardness of the particles fall into the raceway, resulting in increased wear and tear; 3 # wheel hub Bearing carbon content of the outer ring is low, making the outer ring raceway surface hardness is low, and due to poor lubrication conditions caused by adhesive wear, exacerbated the bearing wear and tear, and eventually cause failure.