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本文主要依据联合国UNC数据库,选取1984~2008年250个国家和地区的出口贸易分类数据,从生产角度测算出口品技术含量以及各国出口贸易技术水平,并首次以技术水平构建国际竞争力评价指标,结合显示比较优势、显示对称比较优势以及贸易竞争指数指标多重对比评价我国出口贸易国际竞争力。出口品技术含量和出口贸易技术水平指标测度结果发现,在20世纪末不同类型出口品的技术含量和出口贸易技术水平虽有一定上升但基本保持稳定,而到21世纪后技术含量和技术水平得到明显提升,出现了显著的V形变化趋势。国际竞争力指标对比结果具有稳健性,并且还发现,低中高三类技术含量出口品国际竞争力差异明显,其中我国高技术含量出口品国际竞争力提升迅速,但与以美国为代表的发达国家相差甚远,同期中低等技术含量出口品国际竞争力呈现逐年下降趋势。
Based on the UN UNC database, this paper selects the export trade classification data of 250 countries and regions from 1984 to 2008, estimates the technical content of export products and the export technology level of each country from a production point of view, and constructs the international competitiveness evaluation index for the first time with the technical level. Combined with the comparative advantage of display, showing the comparative advantage of symmetry and the multiple indicators of trade competition index, the international competitiveness of China’s export trade is evaluated. The technical content of export products and the technical indicators of export trade measure results show that in the 20th century the technical content of different types of export products and export trade although the technical level of a certain increase, but remained stable, and by the 21st century technical content and technical level is obvious Upgrade, there has been a significant V-shaped trend. The results of the comparison of international competitiveness indicators are robust. Moreover, it is found that there are obvious differences in the international competitiveness of the three low, middle and high-tech exports. Among them, the international competitiveness of China’s high-tech exports has risen rapidly. However, with the developed countries represented by the United States, In the same period, the international competitiveness of low-tech exports has shown a declining trend year by year.