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黑素皮质素1受体(melanocortin 1 receptor,MC1R)是动物黑色素合成通路中的关键基因之一,对动物的体色和毛色有重要影响。瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.color)具有5种基本体色类型(“全红”、“粉玉”、“大花”、“粉花”和“麻花”),其中后3种带有黑色斑点或斑块,是研究动物黑色素合成机制的良好材料之一。克隆了瓯江彩鲤的MC1R基因,并进行了“全红”、“大花”、“粉玉”、“粉花”4种体色间的表达差异分析。研究发现,瓯江彩鲤的MC1R基因的全长cDNA序列为1 914 bp,包括637 bp 5’-UTR(非转录区)、311 bp 3’-UTR及966 bp ORF(开放阅读框)。该基因由一个外显子编码(321个氨基酸),有7个跨膜结构域。瓯江彩鲤与鲫的编码区核苷酸同源性达98%,与斑马鱼达93%;不同体色间的编码区只存在一个核苷酸无义突变(C/G),因而氨基酸序列完全相同。qRT-PCR表明,MC1R基因在眼睛的表达量显著高于皮肤、肌肉、鳃、肾脏、鳔、心、肝等组织(P<0.05);但在4种体色间不存在显著的表达差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明:瓯江彩鲤体色类型中的黑色斑块不是由MC1R基因直接决定,还有待对其它体色相关基因或调控因子的研究。
Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is one of the key genes in the animal melanin biosynthesis pathway, and plays an important role in the body color and coat color of animals. Cyprinus carpio var.color has five basic body color types ( “All Red ”, “Pink ”, “Big Flower ”, “Pink Flower ” and “Twist ), Of which the latter three with black spots or plaques, animal melanin synthesis mechanism is one of the good materials. The MC1R gene of Oujiang Cairulea was cloned, and the expression differences among 4 body colors including ”All Red “, ”Big Flower “, ”Pink Flower “ and ”Pink Flower " were analyzed. The results showed that the full length cDNA of MC1R gene in Oujiang Cairulea was 1 914 bp, including 637 bp 5’-UTR (untranscribed region), 311 bp 3’-UTR and 966 bp ORF (open reading frame). The gene is encoded by an exon (321 amino acids) and has seven transmembrane domains. The nucleotide sequence homology of Oujiang carp and crucian carp was 98% and that of zebrafish was 93%. There was only one nucleotide nonsense mutation (C / G) in the coding region between different body colors. The amino acid sequence was completely the same. qRT-PCR showed that the expression of MC1R gene in the eye was significantly higher than that in the skin, muscle, gill, kidney, bladder, heart and liver tissues (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the four body colors P> 0.05). The results showed that the black plaques in the body color of Oujiang Cairica were not directly determined by the MC1R gene, but other body color related genes or regulatory factors have yet to be studied.