項目融資是第一次石油危機之後在國際金融市場大規模發展起來的一種新型借貸方式,80年代中期被引入中國。從國內外的實踐來看,該融資方式一般應用于現金流量穩定的發電、道路、鐵路、機場、橋梁等大型基建項目,目前應用領域仍呈擴大趨勢。項目融資在中國的發展歷史很短但發展很迅速,多以能源和交通等領域的項目為試點並獲得成功。項目融資為解決我國大型基礎設施項目資金問題做出了重要貢獻。但由於項目融資時間長、規模大、參與方多、結構複雜,導致風險極大。因此,如何識別風險,評估風險,進行風險管理,是影響項目融資成敗的重要因素。 Project financing was a new form of loan borrowed by large-scale international financial markets after the first oil crisis and was introduced into China in the mid-1980s. From a practical point of view at home and abroad, this financing method is generally applied to large-scale infrastructural projects such as power generation, roads, railways, airports, bridges and the like with steady cash flow. At present, the application fields are still expanding. The development of project finance in China has been very short but rapidly developing. Projects such as energy and transportation have been piloted and successful. Project financing has made important contributions to solving the problem of funding large-scale infrastructure projects in our country. However, due to the long time of project financing, large scale, lots of parties involved and complicated structure, the risk is very high. Therefore, how to identify the risks, assess the risks and carry out the risk management are the important factors that affect the success or failure of the project financing.