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目的了解维吾尔族孕妇膳食结构和营养素摄入水平。方法以喀什400名维吾尔族孕妇为调查对象,采用问卷调查法和3 d 24 h膳食回顾法对研究对象的基本情况和膳食营养状况进行调查,建立数据库,与《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》进行比较。结果 1被调查孕妇膳食构成:谷类薯类43.00%、蔬菜类16.96%、水果类20.74%、畜禽肉类5.65%、鱼虾类0.00%、蛋类1.27%、乳类7.33%、豆类1.15%、油脂类2.86%、盐类1.01%。2孕妇热能及营养素摄入量占DRIs的百分比为:能量93.83%、蛋白质87.80%、钙30.41%、磷131.84%、钾76.71%、钠271.21%、镁75.79%、铁77.88%、锌104.42%、硒61.00%、碘7.17%、VA 55.43%、VB1 84.29%、VB2 52.14%、VB6 16.82%、VC 63.64%、VE 119.21%、叶酸14.03%。结论孕妇膳食结构不合理,蔬菜、鱼虾、蛋、奶和大豆类摄入不足,盐摄入量偏高;三大产热营养素供热比合理;钾、镁、铁、硒、VA、VB1、VB2、VC的摄入量不足;钙、碘、VB6、叶酸严重缺乏;优质蛋白质不足,铁质量差。孕妇营养状况不容乐观,需要进行多方位合理营养平衡膳食指导,以确保孕妇和胎儿的健康。
Objective To understand the dietary structure and nutrient intake of Uighur pregnant women. Methods A total of 400 pregnant Uighur women in Kashgar were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire survey and 3 d 24 h dietary recall were used to investigate the basic conditions and dietary nutritional status of the study subjects. A database was established to compare with the “Dietary Reference Intakes for Chinese Residents (DRIs) ”for comparison. Results 1 The pregnant women surveyed diet composition: 43.00% of cereal grains, vegetables 16.96%, fruit 20.74%, livestock and poultry meat 5.65%, fish and shrimp 0.00%, eggs 1.27%, milk 7.33%, beans 1.15 %, Fat 2.86%, salt 1.01%. The percentage of heat and nutrient intake of DRIs in pregnant women was 93.83%, protein 87.80%, calcium 30.41%, phosphorus 131.84%, potassium 76.71%, sodium 271.21%, magnesium 75.79%, iron 77.88%, zinc 104.42% Selenium 61.00%, iodine 7.17%, VA 55.43%, VB1 84.29%, VB2 52.14%, VB6 16.82%, VC 63.64%, VE 119.21% and folic acid 14.03%. Conclusion The dietary structure of pregnant women is irrational, with inadequate intake of vegetables, fish, eggs, milk and soybeans, and high salt intake. The three heat-producing nutrients have a reasonable ration of heat supply; potassium, magnesium, iron, selenium, VA, VB1 , VB2, VC insufficient intake; calcium, iodine, VB6, a serious lack of folic acid; lack of high-quality protein, poor iron quality. Nutritional status of pregnant women is not optimistic, the need for multi-faceted nutritionally balanced dietary guidance to ensure the health of pregnant women and fetuses.