目的:探讨人脂肪间充质干细胞(HADMSCs)移植于大鼠缺血心肌后的增殖分化情况及心功能改善情况。方法:通过结扎法建立心肌梗死模型,1周后将BrdU标记的HADMSCs通过经心外膜注射至心梗移植组梗死心肌,行超声心动图检查。建模后5周行HE染色观察心肌梗死情况,TTC染色计算左室梗死面积百分比,免疫组织化学检测HADMSCs移植后的存活和分布情况及心肌特异性蛋白的表达。结果:超声检查心梗移植组左心室收缩末期内径、舒张末期内径均小于心梗对照组,而射血分数均大于心梗对照组(P<0.05);TTC染色结果显示心梗移植组左室梗死面积百分比[(23.6±4.3)%]小于心梗对照组左室梗死面积百分比[(32.4±5.6)%](P<0.05)。心肌组织免疫组织化学结果显示带有BrdU标记的移植细胞在心梗周边区域存活,且特异性肌钙蛋白呈阳性表达。结论:HADMSCs能够在大鼠梗死心肌内存活,并分化为心肌样细胞,减小梗死面积,改善心功能。 Objective: To investigate the proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HADMSCs) transplanted into ischemic myocardium of rats and the improvement of cardiac function. Methods: The model of myocardial infarction was established by ligation. One week later, the BrdU-labeled HADMSCs were injected into the infarcted myocardium through the epicardium and were examined by echocardiography. The myocardial infarction was observed by HE staining 5 weeks after modeling. The percentage of left ventricular infarction area was calculated by TTC staining. The survival and distribution of HADMSCs after transplantation and the expression of myocardial specific protein were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and end-diastolic diameter in myocardial infarction group were significantly lower than those in myocardial infarction control group and ejection fraction in myocardial infarction group (P <0.05). The results of TTC staining showed that left ventricular The percentage of infarction area [(23.6 ± 4.3)%] was less than that of myocardial infarction control group [(32.4 ± 5.6)%] (P <0.05). Immunohistochemical results of myocardial tissue showed that BrdU-labeled transplanted cells survived in the peripheral region of myocardial infarction, and specific troponin expression was positive. Conclusion: HADMSCs can survive in myocardial infarction rats and differentiate into cardiomyocytes, reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function.