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利用标准径流小区技术 ,对云南牟定三种人工林进行了森林水文生态的研究。研究表明 ,在森林树种个体水文生态作用方面 ,直干桉和黑荆树冠截留能力比云南松强 ,而云南松树干茎流量较高 ,直干桉树冠下降雨量比云南松、黑荆要大。三种树种水文生态作用的差异与其树种的生物学特征特性有关。在人工林群落调控地表径流方面 ,直干桉 -黑荆混交林和云南松人工林群落与无林地对照、直干桉人工林群落相比 ,具有强调控径流的能力。几种树种树冠下降雨量、树干茎流量、树冠截留量与降雨量有很好的相关性 ,可以用线性回归方程来模拟。人工林群落对径流的调控 ,主要体现在人工林群落使地表径流发生频率降低 ,径流量减小。人工林群落对径流的调控能力是的无林地的四倍 ,但是在高的降雨强度下 ,这种调控能力会明显降低。
Using standard runoff plot technology, the forest hydrology and ecology of the three plantations in Muding, Yunnan Province were studied. The results showed that in the forest hydrological community, the crown retention capacity of D. eucalyptus and A. przewalskii was stronger than that of P. yunnanensis, while that of Yunnan pine was higher than that of P. yunnanensis. The differences of the hydrological and ecological functions of the three species are related to their biological characteristics. In the control of surface runoff of plantation community, the direct-eucalyptus globulus mixed forest and the Pinus yunnanensis plantation had the ability of emphasizing runoff-controlled compared with the non-woodland control and direct-eucalyptus plantation community. Rainfall of canopy, stem flow, canopy interception and canopy rainfall of several tree species are well correlated, which can be simulated by linear regression equation. The regulation of plantation community on runoff is mainly reflected in that the plantation community reduces the frequency of surface runoff and reduces the runoff. The plantation community’s ability to regulate runoff is four times that of non-forested land, but at high rainfall intensities this regulatory capacity is significantly reduced.