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具有热电效应的热电和铁电材料在近几十年中,作为研制红外探测器的重要材料,得到了迅速发展。大多数由热电材料制成的红外探测器具有可在室温使用、无需工作偏压、不潮解、价格便宜、易于形成批量生产等特点,使之在越来越多的红外仪器中得到成功的应用。尤其在入侵警报器、火灾报警器、非接触测温仪、控温仪、火车热轴探测仪、儿童玩具等中用量很大。目前,对热电材料的研究重点大都放在以下两个方面:(1)提高改进现有热电材料的各项技术指标,降低材料的成本,提高材料产量,进一步扩大材料和器件应用;(2)寻找、研制高性能的或廉价的热电新材料。
In recent decades, thermoelectric and ferroelectric materials with pyroelectric effect have been developed rapidly as an important material for the development of infrared detectors. Most of the infrared detectors made of thermoelectric materials can be used at room temperature, no bias voltage, no deliquescence, cheap, easy to form the characteristics of mass production, so that more and more infrared instruments have been successfully applied . Especially in the intrusion alarm, fire alarm, non-contact thermometer, temperature control instrument, train hot shaft detector, children’s toys, etc. in a large amount. At present, most of the research on thermoelectric materials focuses on the following two aspects: (1) improving and improving various technical indexes of existing thermoelectric materials, reducing the cost of materials, increasing the output of materials and further expanding the application of materials and devices; (2) Find, develop high-performance or cheap new materials for thermoelectric.