发生在美国的金融危机,很快波及中国,中国经济增长速度回落,进出口贸易额大幅度下滑,尤其是沿海出口加工制造业受到极大的冲击,大量企业关闭,在这些工厂工作的大量农民工因此失业。据有关部门统计,到2008年底,约有2000万农民工因为失业返回家乡。数千万农民工失业和返回家乡,在任何国家都是非常重大的问题,农民工返乡因此引起整个社会的极大关注。农民工返乡后的社会适应状况如何?他们失去务工收入后,还能在家乡待多久?他们可以重新适应农村的生活吗?他们还有土地可以耕种吗?他们返乡后是否会对农村的社会稳定与经济发展造成影响?政府应该怎样对待农民工的返乡?等等,所有这些问题,都需要我们回到田野进行调查。华中科技大学中国乡村治理研究中心的研究人员分别到贵州、湖南等农民工输出大省调查,调查的结果表明,中国稳健的农村基本经营制度和城市化政策,使得农村具有极强的吸纳返乡农民工的能力,农民工返乡并未引起重大的政治社会问题。中国农村再次发挥了中国现代化进程中的稳定期和蓄水池的作用。而构成华中科技大学中国乡村治理研究中心研究人员调查结论的主要依据,是对不同代际或者不同年龄农民工对乡村社会适应及个人生活预期差异的判断。外出务工的农民,随着年龄的增长,人生任务越来越重,他们不得不从比较浪漫的对城市生活的想象,回到比较现实的考虑中来。从而,在中国农村形成了非常具有中国特点的农民家庭内部分工——年轻人外出务工,年龄较大者在家务农,外出务工收入加上在家务农收入,使得中国农村的小农家庭普遍可以获得温饱以上的收入。我们若不能理解中国当前的农民生活处境,不珍惜中国农村现存的基本经营制度,我们就可能失去目前中国仍然具备的在现代化进程中应对出现重大经济、政治和社会危机的回旋能力。 The financial crisis that took place in the United States soon spread to China. The rate of economic growth in China dropped and the volume of import and export trade dropped drastically. In particular, the export processing and manufacturing industries in the coastal areas were greatly impacted. A large number of enterprises were shut down. A large number of peasants working in these factories So unemployed workers. According to statistics from relevant departments, by the end of 2008, about 20 million migrant workers returned to their hometown for unemployment. Tens of millions of migrant workers have been unemployed and returned to their hometowns, which is a very important issue in any country. Therefore, migrant workers returning home has drawn the great attention of the entire community. How are the social conditions of migrant workers returning to their hometowns? How long can they live in their hometown after they have lost their migrant workers’ income? Can they be re-adapted to the rural life? Can they cultivate their land? Will they return to rural areas Social stability and economic development, how the government should treat the return of migrant workers, etc. All of these problems require us to return to the fields for investigation. Researchers from Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Center for Rural Governance Research respectively went to large provinces to investigate the output of migrant workers such as Guizhou and Hunan. The results of the survey show that China’s sound rural basic management system and urbanization policy make the rural areas have a strong attraction to return home The ability of migrant workers and the return of migrant workers have not caused major political and social problems. China’s rural areas once again played a stabilizing role and a reservoir in the process of China’s modernization. However, the main basis for the conclusions of the researchers who made up the research center of China’s Village Governance Center at Huazhong University of Science and Technology is the judgment of the differences in social adaptation and personal life expectancy among rural workers of different generations or ages. Farmers who go out to work as migrant workers grow older and their tasks in life become heavier and heavier, they have to return to more realistic considerations from the more romantic imagination of urban life. Thus, the formation of a very Chinese-oriented peasant family within the rural areas of China’s part-time job - young people go out to work, older workers at home farming, migrant workers income plus household income, making small rural households in rural China can generally get enough food and clothing Income. If we fail to understand the current peasant life situation in China and cherish the basic management system that exists in rural China, we may lose the maneuver capability that China still has in its present course to cope with major economic, political and social crises in the process of modernization.