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18世纪的经学研究者们所使用的话语进一步强化了一种转变,即从宋明时期的理性主义转变为一种更具怀疑精神和世俗化的经验主义经学。通过对知识的来源作细致研究,清代经学家主张人们应该更精密地考索经书文本,来重估如何正确、合理地构筑经书中的古代理想。这意味着当时知识精英的论辩重心,已由抽象概念和理性主义论题开始让位于具体事实、信而有征的制度、古代的自然研究以及历史事件。大体而言,在清代经学家看来,宋明“道学”对于实证研究构成了阻碍,因为道学并不鼓励进一步的实证性研究。他们所提倡的对于知识的实证性研究在分析经学传统时将证据和事实置于核心的地位。学者和批评家也将历史学分析应用于清代官方所尊奉的经典之中。其结果导致官方尊奉的经学注释失去其光辉,文献批判和考证转而被当作捍卫古代经典的手段。作为帝制晚期中国的一场儒学运动,清代经学家们依旧试图重建儒家经典中所描绘的愿景。然而,其考据学的早期现代特征所具有的力量,最终还是在走向现代的过程中演变为去经典化和去权威化的趋向,尽管这已经与他们在自己的著述中所设定的知识范围相去甚远。
The discourse used by eighteenth-century scholars of scholarship further reinforces a shift from the rationalism of the Song and Ming Dynasties to a more skeptical and secularized empiricism. Through careful study of the sources of knowledge, the Qing scribes advocate that people should examine the scriptures more precisely to reassess how to correctly and rationally construct ancient ideals in the scriptures. This means that at that time the focal point of the intellectual elite had begun to give way to specific facts, credible and excused systems, ancient natural studies, and historical events, starting from abstract concepts and rationalist topics. In general, in the view of Qing scholars, Song Ming “Daoism ” posed an obstacle to empirical research because Taoism did not encourage further empirical research. The empirical study of knowledge they advocate puts the evidence and facts at the center of the analysis of the tradition of the science. Scholars and critics also applied historical analysis to the classic enshrined in the Qing dynasty. As a result, official commentaries have lost their glory, and literary criticism and research have instead been used as a means to defend the ancient classics. As a Confucianist movement in late imperial China, the Qing scholars still tried to rebuild the vision depicted in Confucian classics. However, the power of the early modern features of the textual research eventually evolved into a tendency toward canonization and deauthorization in the process of moving towards the modern, albeit with the range of knowledge they set in their writings Far apart.