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贵州曾是旧中国鸦片的主要产地 ,鸦片给各族民众带来的严重危害 ,罄竹难书。清末民初 ,贵州各级政府开展大规模的禁烟运动 ,仅用数年时间 ,基本上消除鸦片的危害。研究这段史实 ,无疑对当今的禁毒斗争有着积极的借鉴。本文依据大量的史料 ,以影响禁烟的部分因素着手 ,揭示实施禁烟的艰难程度。在此基础上 ,分析贵州开展禁烟的指导思想和重要措施 ,表现其曲折的过程及其后果。更为重要的是 ,从中总结当年贵州禁烟能够取得暂时成功的主要原因 :1、发展经济 ,实施作物替代 ,禁烟有了经济基础 ;2、正面宣传 ,舆论导向 ,启发觉悟 ,敦促民众接受禁烟 ;3、采取快捷的戒烟方式 ,消除瘾民思想顾虑 ,促使接受 ,实现禁吸 ;4、中英会勘禁烟 ,施加压力 ,使各级官吏高度重视 ,有所行动 ,落实禁烟要求。
Guizhou was once the major origin of opium in old China. The opium caused serious harm to people of all nationalities and was in short supply. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, all levels of Guizhou government carried out a large-scale banning smoking campaign that basically eliminated the harmful effects of opium in just a few years. Studying this historical fact undoubtedly has a positive reference for today’s anti-drug struggle. Based on a large amount of historical data, this article starts with some of the factors that influence the ban on smoking and reveals the difficulties in implementing the ban on smoking. On this basis, it analyzes the guiding ideology and important measures for banning smoking in Guizhou, and shows its twists and turns and its consequences. More importantly, it summarizes the main reasons why the no-smoking in Guizhou was able to achieve temporary gains in the past: 1. Economic development, implementation of crop substitution and no smoking have economic basis; 2. Positive propaganda, media guidance, enlightenment and enlightenment to the public are prohibited from smoking; 3, take a quick way to quit smoking, to eliminate the concerns of addicts, to promote acceptance, to achieve a forbidden suction; 4, China and the British will proscribe smoke and exert pressure to make officials at all levels attach great importance to action and implement the no smoking requirements.