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目的了解中山市中小学生近视状况及其近视程度,为开展该市中小学生近视防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取7～18岁中小学校城市男生、女生、农村男生、女生各约2900人进行视力检查。结果2004、2008年该市中小学生近视患病率分别为52.18%、51.65%。其中2004、2008年学生近视患病率,男生分别为47.67%和47.15%,女生为56.68%和56.16%;城市分别为56.54%和52.7%,农村为47.85%和50.62%,男生和女生、城市和农村学生患病率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。16～18岁的学生的近视患病率最高,分别为85.42%和84.04%;近视程度随年龄增加而加重,16～18岁组重度近视构成比分别为75.61%和76.56%。结论该市中小学生近视眼患病率较高,近视程度随年龄增高而加重,应针对女生和城市学生采取有效措施保护视力,重点在于做好早期预防。
Objective To understand the status of myopia and the degree of myopia of primary and secondary school students in Zhongshan City, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia among primary and secondary students in this city. Methods A total of 2,900 boys, girls, rural boys and girls from 7 to 18 years of primary and secondary schools in cities were selected for visual acuity test by cluster sampling method. Results The prevalence of myopia in primary and secondary school students in 2004 and 2008 were 52.18% and 51.65% respectively. Among them, the prevalence of myopia in 2004 and 2008 were 47.67% and 47.15% for boys and 56.68% for girls and 56.16% for girls, 56.54% and 52.7% for urban areas, 47.85% and 50.62% for rural areas respectively, boys and girls, urban And rural students prevalence differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). The prevalence of myopia was the highest among students aged 16-18 years old, 85.42% and 84.04% respectively. The degree of myopia increased with age, and the proportions of severe myopia in 16-18 years old group were 75.61% and 76.56% respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia is high in primary and secondary school students in our city, and the degree of myopia aggravates with age. We should take effective measures to protect eyesight for girls and urban students, and focus on early prevention.