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我国《刑法》第二条规定:“中华人民共和国刑法的任务,是用刑罚同一切犯罪行为作斗争,以保卫国家安全,保卫人民民主专政的政权和社会主义制度,保护国有财产和劳动群众集体所有的财产,保护公民个人所有的财产,保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利,维护社会秩序、经济秩序,保障社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。”这是刑罚的功能概述,但“功能不是事实产生的原因,而仅仅是事实得以存在的依据”[1]。可是它在立法上、量刑上及行刑上有何功能?而它又存在那些局限性?是什么因素造成的?本文将予叙述。
Article 2 of the Criminal Law of China stipulates: “The task of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China is to use penalties to fight against all criminal acts in order to defend the national security, safeguard the people’s democratic dictatorship and the socialist system and protect state-owned property and the working masses All the property owned by the collective, protect all the property owned by the citizens, protect the personal rights, democratic rights and other rights of citizens, and safeguard the social order and economic order so as to ensure the smooth progress of the socialist construction. ”This is an overview of the criminal penalties, “Function is not the cause of the fact, but only the basis for the existence of the fact ” [1]. But what is its function in terms of legislation, sentencing and execution? And what limitations does it have? What are the factors? This article will be narrated.