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俄罗斯属于典型的出口型能源外交。其实施能源外交的理论基础,是以能源安全理论来指导实现能源外交,消除上述能源威胁,确保俄罗斯经济社会的发展和维护其国际影响力。其能源外交的战略目标,是通过实施长远能源政策,不断扩大油气出口,增强国内燃料动力综合体的区域与国际竞争力,实现其经济、政治和战略利益的最大化。俄罗斯能源外交的战略重点可以概括为:“巩固独联体,稳定西欧,争夺里海,开拓东方,突破北美,挑战欧佩克。”俄罗斯能源外交的战略措施包括:制定国家能源中长期政策和相关法规;不断强化联邦政府对能源的管理和控制;既注重吸引油气投资,又对外资实行“合理限制”;完善油气管道网络以控制能源战略通道;鼓励和帮助本国大能源公司通过收购、合资、“债转股”等多种方式打人国际能源市场;注重能源外交干部的培养和训练。石油天然气已成为俄罗斯外交中的“硬权力”。
Russia is a typical export-oriented energy diplomacy. Its theoretical basis for the implementation of energy diplomacy is based on energy security theory to guide the implementation of energy diplomacy, eliminate the above-mentioned energy threats, ensure the development of Russia’s economy and society and safeguard its international influence. Its strategic goal of energy diplomacy is to maximize its economic, political and strategic interests through the implementation of long-term energy policies, the continuous expansion of oil and gas exports, the enhancement of the regional and international competitiveness of the domestic fuel power complex. The strategic priorities of Russia’s energy diplomacy can be summarized as follows: “Consolidating the Commonwealth of Independent States, stabilizing Western Europe, competing for the Caspian Sea, opening up the East, breaking North America and challenging OPEC.” “The strategic measures of Russia’s energy diplomacy include: formulating the mid-term and long- Laws and regulations; continue to strengthen the federal government’s energy management and control; not only focus on attracting oil and gas investment, but also the implementation of ”reasonable restrictions“ on foreign capital; improve the oil and gas pipeline network to control the energy strategic passage; encourage and help their big energy companies through acquisitions, Joint ventures, ”debt to equity“ and other ways hit the international energy market; pay attention to the training and training of energy diplomacy cadres. Oil and gas have become ”hard power" in Russian diplomacy.