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目的了解青岛地区铁路职工心脑血管疾病流行特征,为疾病防治提供科学依据。方法收集2013~2014年青岛地区铁路职工健康体检资料,并开展问卷调查。结果调查青岛地区铁路职工5 680人,心脑血管疾病患病503例,患病率为8.86%。其中高血压患病392人次,患病率为6.90%;冠心病患病81人次,患病率为1.43%;脑血管病患病30人次,患病率为0.53%。铁路职工心脑血管疾病患病率随着年龄增长而增高(P<0.01),男性高于女性(P<0.01),随着文化程度增高患病率降低(P<0.01),离婚和丧偶职工心脑血管疾病患病率均高于未婚和已婚(P<0.01),机车驾驶与维护组和电力检修与维护组男性心脑血管疾病患病率高于女职工(P<0.05)。男职工的心脑血管疾病危险因素异常率和聚集并存率明显高于女职工(P<0.01)。486例患病职工接受调查,其心脑血管疾病知晓率较高(84.98%),其次是行为疗法(84.57%),但是自行服药(32.72%)和医院治疗(10.29%)比较低。结论青岛地区铁路职工心脑血管疾病患病率较低,心脑血管疾病的知晓率、治疗率和控制率较高。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of cardiovascular disease in railway workers in Qingdao and provide a scientific basis for disease prevention and control. Methods The data of health examination of railway workers in Qingdao from 2013 to 2014 were collected and the questionnaire survey was carried out. Results A total of 5 680 railway workers and 503 cases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were surveyed in Qingdao. The prevalence was 8.86%. The prevalence of hypertension was 392, with a prevalence of 6.90%; 81 patients with coronary heart disease, the prevalence was 1.43%; the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease was 30, the prevalence was 0.53%. The prevalence rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in railway workers increased with age (P <0.01), and were higher in males than in females (P <0.01). The prevalence was lower with increasing education (P <0.01) The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were higher than that of unmarried and married (P <0.01). The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in locomotive driving and maintenance group and power overhaul and maintenance group was higher than that of female workers (P <0.05). Male workers’ cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease risk factors and aggregation rate was significantly higher than female workers (P <0.01). 486 sick workers were surveyed, their awareness rate of cardio-cerebrovascular disease was high (84.98%), followed by behavioral therapy (84.57%), but their self-medication (32.72%) and hospital treatment (10.29%) were relatively low. Conclusion The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in railway workers in Qingdao is low, and the awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are higher.