一、历史回顾1.人类生存发展的历史是一部与传染病作斗争的历史。据传2 0 0 0多年前医圣张仲景的《伤寒论》就是因为其家族一大批人死于伤寒而著成的。直到半个世纪以前传染病发病率及病死率一直居于各种人类疾病的首位,天花、霍乱、鼠疫及伤寒的全球肆虐流行曾夺走了亿万人的 I. Historical Review 1. The history of human existence and development is a history of fighting infectious diseases. According to legend, many years ago, Zhang Zhongjing’s Zhang Shangjing’s Treatise on Febrile Diseases came about because a large number of his family died of typhoid fever. Until half a century ago the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases had been at the top of all kinds of human diseases. The global epidemic of smallpox, cholera, plague and typhus has claimed hundreds of millions of people