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本文观察了数种高能重离子辐射处理水稻干种子的生物学效应。结果表明,与具低传能线密度(LET)的~(60)Co-γ射线相比,这些具高LET的重离子能更有效地抑制受照射种子萌发长出的幼苗的生长,诱导根尖细胞和花粉母细胞的染色体畸变和微核形成,降低当代植株的结实率,并诱发后代出现形态性状及农艺性状的变异。在一定剂量范围内,辐射诱导的上述数种生物学效应与吸收剂量间呈线性关系。根据剂量一效应关系曲线,估算了重离子辐射的相对生物学效率(RBE)及作用截面。分析了辐射诱导的突变率及突变谱,确定了能量为400MeV/u的氩离子束的最佳诱变剂量为90—100Gy,用此剂量处理具特殊香味的广东籼稻地方品种“香占”,获得了性状明显改良,而又保留原种优点的3个稳定突变株系,已经M_5代品比测产检验,证明重离子辐射在品种改良的应用上具有良好潜力。
In this paper, we observed the biological effects of several high energy heavy ion radiation treatments on dry seeds of rice. The results showed that compared with ~ (60) Co-γ-ray with low LET, these heavy ions with high LET could effectively inhibit the growth of seedlings induced by irradiated seeds and induce root Chromosome aberration and micronucleus formation of spiked cells and pollen mother cells decreased the seed setting rate of contemporary plants and induced morphological and agronomic variations in offspring. Within a certain dose range, the above-mentioned radiation-induced biological effects have a linear relationship with absorbed dose. According to the dose-response curve, the relative biological efficiency (RBE) and cross-sectional area of heavy ion radiation were estimated. The mutation rate and mutation spectrum induced by radiation were analyzed. The optimal mutagenic dose of argon ion beam with energy of 400 MeV / u was 90-100 Gy. The local indica rice variety “Xiangzhan” with special flavor was treated with this dose, Three stable mutant lines with obvious improvement of traits and advantages of original seeds were obtained. M_5 generation test has been carried out, which shows that heavy ion radiation has good potential for application of variety improvement.