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1918年1月8日,第一次世界大战硝烟未尽,美国总统威尔逊在国会两院发表了“十四点和平纲领”的演说,其中关于民族自决和弱小国家权利的诺言,使中国知识界为之振奋。1919年1月,威尔逊亲自出席巴黎和会,更加鼓舞了知识界对美国及和会的信心。中国人希望在和会上运用“民族自决”的原则解决山东问题。然而,威尔逊在最后关头放弃了他的原则。笔者试就山东问题的由来、和会前后期威尔逊总统对山东问题的不同态度来分析威尔逊放弃“民族自决”原则的原因。
On January 8, 1918, after World War I was completely cleared of smoke, U.S. President Wilson delivered a speech entitled “Fourteen Points of Peace Program” in both houses of the National Assembly. Among them, his promise of national self-determination and weak state rights enabled China The intellectual community is excited. In January 1919, Wilson personally attended the Paris Peace Conference, which further encouraged the intellectual community’s confidence in the United States and the peace conference. The Chinese hope to use the principle of “national self-determination” at the peace conference to solve the Shandong issue. However, Wilson gave up his principle at the last minute. The author tries to analyze the reason Wilson gave up the principle of “national self-determination” because of the origin of the Shandong issue and the different attitudes of President Wilson before and after the meeting with the Shandong question.