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本文研究了生物絮团对养殖环境的清洁作用及对虾生理指标的影响。生物絮团实验梯度设置为0、5、10 ml/L,在实验开始后将凡纳滨对虾随机放入氨氮浓度(2.5±0.3)mg/L的实验水槽中,以不添加生物絮团组为对照组,分别于0,6,12,24,48h时取对虾血淋巴,鳃丝、肝胰脏样品并进行免疫和解毒代谢指标测定。结果表明:生物絮团能有效地吸收水中的氨氮,来提高虾体免疫活性和解毒代谢能力。各处理组水中氨氦随着时间的推移逐渐降低,24h之后维持在一个较低水平。各处理组虾体血液、肝胰脏、鳃丝中精氨酸酶活力、谷氨酰胺合成酶活力随着生物絮团将水体中氨氮的清除逐渐降低,在24h,凡纳滨对虾鳃丝、血淋巴、肝胰脏中谷氨酰胺合成酶在生物絮团处理组之间以及处理组和对照组相比均差异显著(P<0.05),并且其活性下降程度与生物絮团浓度成正比。各处理组对虾血细胞数量,吞噬率,溶菌,抗菌活力在施加生物絮团后呈现先上升,后下降趋势,48h降低在一个较低水平。由此可见,生物絮团对养殖水体中氨氦有明显的清洁作用,并对凡纳滨对虾免疫指标和解毒代谢指标影响显著。
In this paper, the effect of biological flocculation on the culture environment and the physiological indicators of shrimp were studied. The experimental flocculation gradient was set at 0, 5, and 10 ml / L. After the experiment began, the shrimp were randomly placed in experimental sinks with ammonia concentration (2.5 ± 0.3) mg / L, As control group, samples of hemolymph, gill filaments, liver and pancreas of shrimp were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively, and their immune and detoxification indexes were determined. The results showed that bioflocs could effectively absorb the ammonia nitrogen in water to improve the immunocompetence and detoxification metabolism of shrimp. Ammonia-helium in each treatment group gradually decreased over time, and maintained at a relatively low level after 24h. Arginine enzyme activity and glutamine synthetase activity in the blood, hepatopancreas and gill filaments of each treatment group decreased gradually with the removal of ammonia nitrogen in the water body by bioflocs. At 24 h, the gill filaments of Litopenaeus vannamei, Glutamine synthetase in hemolymph, hepatopancreas and pancreas showed significant difference (P <0.05) between bioflocculation group and control group, and the degree of activity decrease was proportional to biofloc concentration. The number of blood cells, phagocytic rate, bacteriolytic and antibacterial activities of shrimp in all treatment groups increased first and then decreased after applying bioflocs, and decreased to a lower level at 48h. Thus, the bioflocs on aquaculture water ammonia helium significant cleaning effect, and vannamei shrimp immune index and detoxification metabolic indicators significantly.