脊椎动物有两种主要调节系统:神经系统和内分泌系统。后者分泌的激素常为肽类,释放入血后被带到具有特异激素受体的靶细胞。下丘脑通过神经通路直接影响垂体或通过释放促垂体神经激素(释放因子或释放抑制因子)间接调节垂体激素分泌,从而控制多种内分泌机能。近年来研究表明,抑制性神经递质GABA可能参与上述激素分泌控制。 Vertebrates have two major regulatory systems: the nervous system and the endocrine system. The latter secretion of hormones often peptides, released into the blood after being carried to the target cells with specific hormone receptors. The hypothalamus controls a variety of endocrine functions by directly affecting the pituitary gland through neural pathways or indirectly by regulating the secretion of pituitary hormones by releasing the pituitary neurohormones (release factors or release inhibitory factors). In recent years, studies have shown that inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA may be involved in the above hormone secretion control.